Wednesday, August 26, 2020

Yahoo Vs. Lycos Essay example -- essays research papers fc

Yippee! Versus Lycos While looking on the Internet, one may think that its troublesome now and then to realize where to begin. With the apparently boundless measure of data, one should utilize the asset appropriate for the searcher's needs and tastes. Contrasting various variables like databases, index types, qualities and shortcomings of two web search tools, for example, Yahoo! what's more, Lycos, can give a bit of leeway to somebody searching for a beginning square. To begin with, one of the most established web indexes on the web, Lycos keeps on flourishing chiefly by giving a blend of highlights. As the pattern with the other significant pursuit instruments, Lycos comprises of a mixture of databases, online administrations, and other Internet properties. As far as general looking, Lycos web index shows the new propelled search with FAST, which means looking through one of the biggest Web page databases. Inside the most recent year, Lycos made its fundamental registry a form of the Open Directory Project. With an objective of this index arriving at the status of the most far reaching registry of the web, and with over 1.8 million postings in 283,798 classifications, it incorporates a larger number of pages than Yahoo!. Like Yahoo!, Lycos has accessible postings by classification and the destinations are explored and ordered by editors. People perform better at settling on these sorts of choices than PCs, so results will frequently obscure with the other web crawlers. While Yahoo! can take a very long time to take entries of new Web locales, destinations for the most part start in the Open Dir...

Saturday, August 22, 2020

A Relationship Between Bipolar Disorder and Childhood Sexual Abuse free essay sample

Every one of these activities may appear to be totally fantastical to the normal individual; in any case, activities like these are a reality for almost 5. 8 million grown-ups in the United States that experience the ill effects of an ailment called bipolar turmoil. Bipolar turmoil, truly alluded to as hyper burdensome disease, is an umbrella term used to portray cyclic, repetitive, polarizing temperament unsettling influences that extend from rapture, delight, and madness at one shaft to touchiness, dysphoria, and discouragement at the other. This is the situation of our customer Marya. She experiences Bipolar 1 which is the most noticeably awful degree of Bipolar issue. As a class task we were allocate Madness: a bipolar life composed by our customer Marya, who has been determined to have this weakening ailment as a grown-up after numerous misdiagnoses. The focal point of this paper will be to comprehend whether our customer Marya was explicitly mishandled as a youngster. I will be standing up of her not being explicitly manhandled as a kid and that her manifestations can be clarified by her bipolar issue. We will compose a custom article test on A Relationship Between Bipolar Disorder and Childhood Sexual Abuse or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page In examining the subject of youth sexual mishandled according to bipolar confusion there isn't sufficient proof to help the possibility that a youngster that experienced sexual maltreatment will created bipolar further down the road. The side effects of our customer Marya are carefully indications of her bipolar 1 issue. A few side effects of bipolar 1 include: flying abruptly starting with one thought then onto the next, quick constrained and uproarious discourse, expanded vitality with hyperactivity, a diminished requirement for rest, swelled mental self view, unnecessary spending, hyper sexuality and substance misuse. As indicated by an article composed by David Finkelhor sexual maltreatment can be characterized as sexual contact with a youngster that happens under one of three conditions: When a huge age or maturational distinction exists between the accomplices, when the accomplice is in a place of power over or in a consideration taking relationship with the kid or when the demonstrations are completed against the kid by utilizing brutality or dishonesty. In understanding Madness: a bipolar story I didn't get the feeling that our customer Marya had been explicitly mishandled as youngster. I didn't apparent that any grown-up had exploited her, explicitly or of some other structure. While sexual maltreatment can be difficult to identify, particularly in youngsters on the grounds that the maltreatment regularly happens in mystery and there isn't in every case any physical proof of the maltreatment, some kid sexual maltreatment survivors may show indications of Post-horrendous pressure issue (PTSD). They may act in an anxious, upset way and may have bad dreams. Another side effect many be reenactment of the maltreatment in their play time. They mmay show dread and steady concern. Small kids may lose abilities they once learned and act more youthful than they are. For instance, a manhandled kid may begin wetting the bed or sucking their thumb. Some sexual maltreatment survivors appear strange sexual practices that are not expected in a kid. They may act enticing or they may not keep up safe cutoff points with others. In understanding Madness, our customer Marya didn't showed any of the above notice side effects. Because of an examination from The British Journal of Psychiatry named Impact of youth maltreatment on the clinical course of bipolar issue. The examination was directed with an example of a 100 patients at a scholarly strength place for the treatment of bipolar issue. The exploration found that a background marked by extreme youth misuse is to be found in around half of grown-ups with bipolar confusion with numerous types of having happened in about a third. Particular negative effects on clinical result were related with youth physical, sexual or psychological mistreatment accounts, with proof proposing increasingly broad suicidality, fast cycling and potentially comorbid substance abuse related with numerous types of youth misuse. This investigation helped me reach the resolution that Marya was not explicitly maltreatment as a kid. As I would see it since the examination recommend that lone portion of the 100 individuals indicated manifestations of extreme adolescence and sexual maltreatment was incorporated inside this half it isn't sufficient proof to infer that our customer Marya has been explicitly mishandled. While kid sexual maltreatment survivors may show side effects of PTSD just as indications that may incorporate uneasiness, low confidence, trouble setting safe cutoff points with others and relationship issues. Survivors may have terrible dreams. They may carry on parts of the maltreatment in their play. They may show different feelings of trepidation and stresses. Little youngsters may lose abilities they once learned and act more youthful than they are. For instance, a mishandled kid may begin wetting the bed or sucking their thumb. Some sexual maltreatment survivors appear strange sexual practices that are not expected in a youngster. Sexual maltreatment can be mistaking for kids. For a youngster, it frequently includes being utilized or harmed by a confided in grown-up. The kid may discover that the best way to get consideration or love is to give something sexual or surrender their confidence. A few youngsters accept the maltreatment is their flaw by one way or another. They may think the abuser picked them since they more likely than not needed it or in light of the fact that there is some kind of problem with them. Marya had youth that as I would see it was not quite the same as most youngsters, as for a model when at four years old she portrayed that she was unable to nod off because of a goat being in her room. While going through these feelings can be troublesome, I don’t think it propose that she was explicitly mishandled. Marya family from her dad side seemed to have a background marked by psychological maladjustment which drives me to the understanding that her bipolar is innate. What's more, that her side effects show because of her sickness and not as survivor of kid sexual maltreatment. I stood up of our customer Mary not being explicitly mishandled as kid, it is critical to comprehend the investigation of bipolar issue since it is more typical than the vast majority think. Numerous individuals frequently joke with loved ones about the chance of having this issue yet it is a sickness that ought not be neglected or disregarded. Numerous youths get themselves glad one day and furious the following. This basic difference in feeling is an attribute of bipolar issue, prompting the extreme vacillation of feelings. In the wake of seeing how genuine bipolar issue is and the negative impacts it can have one’s life and the lives of everyone around them, ideally others will comprehend the multifaceted nature of this staggering infection. References Garno, Jessica L. , Joseph F. Goldberg, Paul Michael Ramirez, and Barry A. Ritzler . Effect of youth maltreatment on the clinical course of bipolar issue. (2005): n. page. Web. 9 Feb. Hornbacher, Marya. Franticness: A Bipolar Life. Boston, New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2008. Print. 2013. Ogata , Susan N. Ph. D , Kenneth R. M. D. Silk , Sonya Ph. D Goodrich , Naomi E. Ph. D. Lohr , Drew Ph. D. Westen , and Elizabeth M. Ph. D. Slope . Youth Sexual and Physical Abuse in Adult Patients With Borderline Personality Disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry. (1990): 147:8. Web. 12 Feb. 2013. Sonne , Sonne C. , Sonne C. PharmD , and kathleen T. M. D. Ph. D. Brady . Understanding the effect of liquor on human wellbeing and prosperity . National Institute On Alcohol Abuse And Alcoholism . n. page. Web. 12 Feb. 2013.

Friday, August 21, 2020

How to Avoid a Payday Loan Savings Strategies

How to Avoid a Payday Loan Savings Strategies How to Avoid a Payday Loan: Savings Strategies How to Avoid a Payday Loan: Savings StrategiesNobody wants to take out a payday loan. Theyre seen asâ€"at bestâ€"a necessary evil. A way for people without credit to borrow money in a hurry. People dont look forward to them any more than they look forward to going to the dentistBut the problem with payday loans is that theyre often worse than that. These short-term, high-interest loans trap borrowers into a cycle of never-ending debt. If they were a dentist, theyd be a guy working out of a back alley with one rusty drill and a baseball bat for anesthesia.Thats why its best to avoid payday loans altogether if you can! And that means building up your savings so that, when a financial emergency does arise, you can take care of it on your own.Easier said than done, right? Well, here are nine great tips from real experts to help you build an emergency fundâ€"and stay away from payday loans altogether.1. Follow the 50/20/30 ruleNatasha Rachel Smith, head of global communications at TopCash back  says that you should, Review your spending and ensure youre allocating the right amount to savings and emergency funds. You should have at least six months salary saved in an ‘emergency fund as, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the average duration of unemployment in the US is 27 weeks.In order to build this up, its best to follow the ‘50/20/30 rule, says Smith. You should spend only up to 50% of your after-tax income on essentials, such as housing and food; 20% on financial priorities, such as debt repayments and savings; and 30% on lifestyle choices, such as vacations.2. Automate your savingsRobert R. Johnson  is the president and CEO of The American College of Financial Services. He says,Making savings automatic is a key to success.A disciplined approach is the key to success, and automating savings is the key to discipline.  Out of sight, out of mind is the operative philosophy here.One way to do it? [Have] a specific amount taken out of each paycheck and deposited directly into a savings or money market account.3. Get out of debtSmith has a couple great tips for tackling debt repayment.First, she says, ensure youre paying the lowest interest rates on any credit cards or loans by transferring existing balances to 0% interest credit cards.Once youve done that, she continues, ensure youre allocating at least 20% of your income to debt repayments.According to Smith, Focusing on the most costly borrowing first is the fastest way to get out of debt as the overall interest charge is reduced more greatly in lesser time, though some people find they are more motivated by paying off the smallest debts first to lessen the total number of creditors they have.4. Get rid of cableOne of the best ways people can save for an emergency fund is to cut the cord, says Chris Brantner, also known as Mr. Cable Cutter. With the average cable bill sitting at over $100 per month (not to mention those bills with expired promotions that skyrocket), the average person can easily save $50 or more per month when they get rid of cable.(If you visit Brantners website, CutCableToday.com, you can walk step-by-step through exactly how you can cut the cord and keep the programming you want.)According to Brantner, Most people already pay for Netflix, which gives you a ton of programming. The average person also subscribes to Amazon Prime, which also has a Netflix-like library full of older HBO series and more. You can get all the local stations you want with an antenna for free.Now if you need more up-to-date programs, he says, you can opt for a live streaming service like Sling TV which starts at $20 per month, or go with Hulu, which airs many shows the day after they air, starting at $7.99 per month. Whatever the case, you can still save big.Youll still need internet, but you can likely find a good connection for $40â€"60 per month, says Brantner. Luckily, his site has a tool that will help you find and compare internet provider promotions in you r area.5. Save your tax refundAccording to a recent study by BankRate.com, says Smith, a surprising number of millennials (39%) plan to save or invest their refund, 28% plan to use it to pay for necessities and 24% say theyll use it to pay down debt.While it is tempting to splurge on a vacation or a big purchase, saving the refund for emergency situations will be more beneficial to you in the long run, she says.For more on how you can use your tax refund more wisely, check out our blog post: 5 Smart Ways To Spend Your Tax Refund.6. Use appsThere are financial apps that help people save money, says Johnson. One popular app is called Acorns. You tie Acorns to your debit card and it rounds the purchase up to the nearest dollar, effectively allowing you to invest your spare change.Johnson even lays out how it works:If your Starbucks latte costs $4.29, when you use your debit card $5 will be taken out of your account with $4.29 going to Starbucks and $0.71 going into your investment acco unt. This allows you to save money as you make everyday purchases.7. Turn your clutter into cashSmith suggests that you should Have a clear-out and sell anything you dont use â€" or genuinely dont even want â€" anymore.Two questions to ask yourself when deciding whether to keep something or not is: have I used this in the last year? and is it sentimental? If the answer to both questions is no, then sell it and collect the cash, she says.According to Smith, There are plenty of websites that can help you, eBay being one of the most notorious. However you pay less fees with Bonanza and eBid. If your goods are designer, its worth checking out Tradesy.com or Poshmark.com. BuyBackWorld.com is great for electronics and Raise.com will, in many cases, actually pay you $1.50 per gift card you list for sale through TopCashback.8. Invest your raiseAnother idea is to invest your raise for retirement, says Johnson. That is, act as if you didnt receive a raise and have the after tax amount of the raise deducted directly from your paycheck into a retirement fund. You dont give anything up other than the opportunity cost of the raise.Johnson points out that You are already accustomed to living on the current amount you make. When you invest your raise, You simply continue your lifestyle as if you didnt receive that raise. Now, mind you, you dont need to do this every time you get a raise, as the results are cumulative and compound over time.9. Maximize your rewardsSmith advises that you should Make sure youre being rewarded for your spending.Use credit cards that give you air miles, points or money back on your purchases, she says.  Shop through free cashback websites such as TopCashback.com to earn a percentage of your spending back as a cashback rebate (think of it as effectively getting a sales tax refund 30 to 90 days after the transaction).Smith says that you can also sign up to free loyalty schemes that give you access to discounts and free shipping.Do you have some sav ings strategies that have worked really well for you? Let us know! You can find us on Twitter at @OppLoans.com.ContributorsChris Brantner is the founder of CutCableToday.com, where he shares his knowledge on saving money by getting rid of high priced cable bills. Hes also a contributor for Business Insider, TechHive, and other publications.Robert R. Johnson, Ph.D., CFA ® , CAIA ® , CLF ® , is the President and Chief Executive Officer of The American College of Financial Services. Bob is the author of multiple books and scholarly articles. He is co-author of the books Invest With the Fed, Strategic Value Investing, The Tools and Techniques of Investment Planning, and Investment Banking for Dummies. His articles have appeared in The Journal of Finance, Journal of Financial Economics, Financial Analysts Journal, and Journal of Portfolio Management.Natasha Rachel Smith, Personal Finance Expert at TopCashback.com, is based in Montclair, NJ. Natasha’s background is in retail, banking , personal finance and consumer empowerment; ranging from sales to journalism, marketing, public relations and spokesperson work during a 17-year career period. She’s originally from London, UK, but moved to Montclair, New Jersey, USA, several years ago to launch and run the American arm of the British-owned TopCashback brand; a global consumer empowerment and money-saving portal company.

How to Avoid a Payday Loan Savings Strategies

How to Avoid a Payday Loan Savings Strategies How to Avoid a Payday Loan: Savings Strategies How to Avoid a Payday Loan: Savings StrategiesNobody wants to take out a payday loan. Theyre seen asâ€"at bestâ€"a necessary evil. A way for people without credit to borrow money in a hurry. People dont look forward to them any more than they look forward to going to the dentistBut the problem with payday loans is that theyre often worse than that. These short-term, high-interest loans trap borrowers into a cycle of never-ending debt. If they were a dentist, theyd be a guy working out of a back alley with one rusty drill and a baseball bat for anesthesia.Thats why its best to avoid payday loans altogether if you can! And that means building up your savings so that, when a financial emergency does arise, you can take care of it on your own.Easier said than done, right? Well, here are nine great tips from real experts to help you build an emergency fundâ€"and stay away from payday loans altogether.1. Follow the 50/20/30 ruleNatasha Rachel Smith, head of global communications at TopCash back  says that you should, Review your spending and ensure youre allocating the right amount to savings and emergency funds. You should have at least six months salary saved in an ‘emergency fund as, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the average duration of unemployment in the US is 27 weeks.In order to build this up, its best to follow the ‘50/20/30 rule, says Smith. You should spend only up to 50% of your after-tax income on essentials, such as housing and food; 20% on financial priorities, such as debt repayments and savings; and 30% on lifestyle choices, such as vacations.2. Automate your savingsRobert R. Johnson  is the president and CEO of The American College of Financial Services. He says,Making savings automatic is a key to success.A disciplined approach is the key to success, and automating savings is the key to discipline.  Out of sight, out of mind is the operative philosophy here.One way to do it? [Have] a specific amount taken out of each paycheck and deposited directly into a savings or money market account.3. Get out of debtSmith has a couple great tips for tackling debt repayment.First, she says, ensure youre paying the lowest interest rates on any credit cards or loans by transferring existing balances to 0% interest credit cards.Once youve done that, she continues, ensure youre allocating at least 20% of your income to debt repayments.According to Smith, Focusing on the most costly borrowing first is the fastest way to get out of debt as the overall interest charge is reduced more greatly in lesser time, though some people find they are more motivated by paying off the smallest debts first to lessen the total number of creditors they have.4. Get rid of cableOne of the best ways people can save for an emergency fund is to cut the cord, says Chris Brantner, also known as Mr. Cable Cutter. With the average cable bill sitting at over $100 per month (not to mention those bills with expired promotions that skyrocket), the average person can easily save $50 or more per month when they get rid of cable.(If you visit Brantners website, CutCableToday.com, you can walk step-by-step through exactly how you can cut the cord and keep the programming you want.)According to Brantner, Most people already pay for Netflix, which gives you a ton of programming. The average person also subscribes to Amazon Prime, which also has a Netflix-like library full of older HBO series and more. You can get all the local stations you want with an antenna for free.Now if you need more up-to-date programs, he says, you can opt for a live streaming service like Sling TV which starts at $20 per month, or go with Hulu, which airs many shows the day after they air, starting at $7.99 per month. Whatever the case, you can still save big.Youll still need internet, but you can likely find a good connection for $40â€"60 per month, says Brantner. Luckily, his site has a tool that will help you find and compare internet provider promotions in you r area.5. Save your tax refundAccording to a recent study by BankRate.com, says Smith, a surprising number of millennials (39%) plan to save or invest their refund, 28% plan to use it to pay for necessities and 24% say theyll use it to pay down debt.While it is tempting to splurge on a vacation or a big purchase, saving the refund for emergency situations will be more beneficial to you in the long run, she says.For more on how you can use your tax refund more wisely, check out our blog post: 5 Smart Ways To Spend Your Tax Refund.6. Use appsThere are financial apps that help people save money, says Johnson. One popular app is called Acorns. You tie Acorns to your debit card and it rounds the purchase up to the nearest dollar, effectively allowing you to invest your spare change.Johnson even lays out how it works:If your Starbucks latte costs $4.29, when you use your debit card $5 will be taken out of your account with $4.29 going to Starbucks and $0.71 going into your investment acco unt. This allows you to save money as you make everyday purchases.7. Turn your clutter into cashSmith suggests that you should Have a clear-out and sell anything you dont use â€" or genuinely dont even want â€" anymore.Two questions to ask yourself when deciding whether to keep something or not is: have I used this in the last year? and is it sentimental? If the answer to both questions is no, then sell it and collect the cash, she says.According to Smith, There are plenty of websites that can help you, eBay being one of the most notorious. However you pay less fees with Bonanza and eBid. If your goods are designer, its worth checking out Tradesy.com or Poshmark.com. BuyBackWorld.com is great for electronics and Raise.com will, in many cases, actually pay you $1.50 per gift card you list for sale through TopCashback.8. Invest your raiseAnother idea is to invest your raise for retirement, says Johnson. That is, act as if you didnt receive a raise and have the after tax amount of the raise deducted directly from your paycheck into a retirement fund. You dont give anything up other than the opportunity cost of the raise.Johnson points out that You are already accustomed to living on the current amount you make. When you invest your raise, You simply continue your lifestyle as if you didnt receive that raise. Now, mind you, you dont need to do this every time you get a raise, as the results are cumulative and compound over time.9. Maximize your rewardsSmith advises that you should Make sure youre being rewarded for your spending.Use credit cards that give you air miles, points or money back on your purchases, she says.  Shop through free cashback websites such as TopCashback.com to earn a percentage of your spending back as a cashback rebate (think of it as effectively getting a sales tax refund 30 to 90 days after the transaction).Smith says that you can also sign up to free loyalty schemes that give you access to discounts and free shipping.Do you have some sav ings strategies that have worked really well for you? Let us know! You can find us on Twitter at @OppLoans.com.ContributorsChris Brantner is the founder of CutCableToday.com, where he shares his knowledge on saving money by getting rid of high priced cable bills. Hes also a contributor for Business Insider, TechHive, and other publications.Robert R. Johnson, Ph.D., CFA ® , CAIA ® , CLF ® , is the President and Chief Executive Officer of The American College of Financial Services. Bob is the author of multiple books and scholarly articles. He is co-author of the books Invest With the Fed, Strategic Value Investing, The Tools and Techniques of Investment Planning, and Investment Banking for Dummies. His articles have appeared in The Journal of Finance, Journal of Financial Economics, Financial Analysts Journal, and Journal of Portfolio Management.Natasha Rachel Smith, Personal Finance Expert at TopCashback.com, is based in Montclair, NJ. Natasha’s background is in retail, banking , personal finance and consumer empowerment; ranging from sales to journalism, marketing, public relations and spokesperson work during a 17-year career period. She’s originally from London, UK, but moved to Montclair, New Jersey, USA, several years ago to launch and run the American arm of the British-owned TopCashback brand; a global consumer empowerment and money-saving portal company.

Sunday, May 24, 2020

The Industrial Revolutions Influence on European Society

In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries the Industrial Revolution in Europe had a significant influence on society. There were many changes in social classes and equality. The rise of the middle class had a momentous effect on the population of Europe and was a catalyst for many changes in the social makeup of the region. The influence of technology and electricity changed many aspects of social interaction and created a new class system. The migration of workers and the separation of the classes had political and social repercussions throughout Europe. Labor unions and political parties provided protection and a voice to many of the working class, and urbanization provided the stage for reformers to push for modernized†¦show more content†¦Another by-product of the migration and urbanization was the changing role of women. As the women left the rural areas where they had been the maternal leader of their families, they sought employment in the new factories. De spite the new working women they remained â€Å"second-class citizens† throughout Europe. Regardless of their social class or setting, women remained marginalized in society. In the nineteenth century, women â€Å"faced social and legal disabilities in three areas: property rights, family law, and education† (727). As workers and unions sought a voice for the masses, women, too, were seeking equality. As women sought equality, the nations of Europe gradually turned to democracy and an electoral system. With the democratic philosophy, political parties were being introduced for the first time. Political parties were organized to help educate the new voters because many of the working class were not educated on the process. As the political parties grew, the working class became the largest sect of voters. The political parties also provided a spring-board for the socialist party. The ideas of socialism were rooted in the vision of equality for the working class. The utopian view of all classes sharing across the European continent by the socialists was not shared by many of the nationalist. European socialists â€Å"badly underestimated the emotional drawing power of nationalism† (738). TheShow MoreRelatedThe Social and Political Influences Leading up to the First World War1035 Words   |  5 PagesThe Social and Political Influences Leading up to the First World War Romanticism began in the closing decades of the Eighteenth Century. Influencing all spheres of life, pervading the populace of Europe and the first half of the Nineteenth Century with idealistic, yet unreal sentiment. Contradicting any romantic or idealistic belief were the uniform followers of rationalism and conservatism, descendents of Puritanism that arose in the Church of England during the early 17th Century. The GermanRead MoreThe Unprecedented Success Of Revolution1594 Words   |  7 Pagesrevolution, an often chaotic and transformative event that attempts to change a nation, society, or world. And though it can be argued that revolution results in the bloodshed of masses, it is imperative to understand that self-aggrandizement of unfair leaders and unequal distribution of rights have often been the case in history when revolution is non-present. And only through revolutions such as the Enlightenment, Industrial, French, American, and Haitian Revolutions, has the world becom e as comfortableRead MoreGraphic Design Style Of The Victorian Era1681 Words   |  7 PagesIn the past years, their have been dramatic changes that have influenced the development of graphic design since the 19th century. Going back to 1900, after the Industrial Revolution in the Victorian Era there was a social and economic change as the world developed. 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Unlike the Islamic movements in other countries such as Egypt or Pakistan or Afghanistan where all involved parties intended to invoke some hue of Islamic principles into society or government, many of the Revolution’s involved parties simply wanted â€Å"O death to this Shah![1]† along with solutions to their daily struggles. This post-Revolution factionalism may be one contributing factor to the un-Islamic sociocultural environment in Iran, as will

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Essay 4th Grade Samples Can Be Fun for Everyone

Essay 4th Grade Samples Can Be Fun for Everyone Likewise, it has to be logically complete and express a particular idea. Three (identical) ghosts have to be saved to finish the activity. Among the things that is the exact same is that we both have people who are black and white. There are things which are the exact same and various other things which are really different. In the 21st century, employing a dictionary can appear to be a dated and inefficient practice. Besides that, your point of view will decide on the sort of essay you're writing. This image indicates a 3D model. Produces expository text utilizing appropriate form and fashion in response to prompt. The second paragraph should be devoted to the important character traits of the major personality in the story. The 4th grade writing curriculum involves a huge array of concepts. Your fourth grader is beginning to get opinions and beliefs on a wide variety of subjects. Put simply, your fourth graders are forming hypotheses about the results of the activity. There are lots of approaches that may be used. The degree of analysis and material quality varies, based on the degree of book report. You are able to simply get the major idea or use quotations. This concept may also get the job done for words and definitions. Finding fun 4th grade activities can be very an uphill job. Kids LOVE this enjoyable and efficient game that's terrific for the kinesthetic learner. If you're on the search for fun math activities, look no more. Kids linked to games very well. Choosing Good Essay 4th Grade Samples Fourth grade science activities are an excellent way to provide your students practice mastering the many steps involved in a science experiment. Once all of the math is figured, students create their drawing. Fourth graders are anticipated to be in a position to perform a very simple science experiment by themselves. Fourth grade is a fantastic level for students to commence taking their own notes. Nonfiction writing is a significant indicator of how well your kid is learning essential literary skills. It is given much importance in school as it is the bedrock of all other subjects too. Teaching geographical features just got a little easier with the assistance of these superb ideas from different teachers. While teachers ought to be there to help, your little one ought to be doing the job. The student has used a crystal clear and practical structure to organize her or his work, along with presented coherent opinions. If he shows excellent grammar, good organization and a good overall effect, he would score a total of ten points. Younger students can play the simple edition, and older or more skilled students may play the complicated edition. The Chronicles of Essay 4th Grade Samples Being a real math end of term test, it's the right math for summer holiday activity for kids. Beginning a routine of excellent preparation for tests and very good homework habits will let your child deal with the exam period better. In case you or your kid is fighting to cope with numerous things, write a list and go week by week or maybe a day or two at one time. The more knowledge he or she builds during the prewriting stage, the easier it will be to write. A persuasive speech is provided with the goal of persuading the audience to feel a specific method to take a specific action or to support a particular view or cause. Starting off with a rhetorical question that suits your situation is also a great way to start. You should have your reasons, and our principal concern is that you find yourself getting an excellent grade. If you read a biography, write about a few of the critical events in his or her life. An outline of a book report typically is made up of the important events and characters that play an immense part in the book. This is excellent for biography research projects. These assessments incorporate some pieces of text that are linked by means of a theme. It is possible to also compose another paragraph in regards to the other characters in the book. You must identify if a part of the book is related to its context or only a very simple side story. You don't should state everything from every chapter, just concentrate on whatever you believe is essential. This section gives you the ability to criticize the book.

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

ISLAMABAD, Pakistan (AP) Pakistan tested a seco Essay Example For Students

ISLAMABAD, Pakistan (AP) Pakistan tested a seco Essay nd nuclear-capable missile Thursday, official sources said, upping the ante in the missile race with its uneasy neighbor India. The range of the newest missile wasnt immediately known. The Ghauri II, which has a range of 1,200 miles, was tested in response to a similar test carried out by India last Sunday. It wasnt immediately clear why Pakistan chose to conduct a second test or whether it would prompt India to respond. Serbs: NATO Bombed Refugee ConvoyBELGRADE, Yugoslavia (AP) Yugoslavia accused NATO jets of blasting apart a convoy of refugees under Serb police escort Wednesday. The alliance said its pilots fired on military vehicles only, and the Pentagon suggested that Serbs may have been responsible for the carnage. NATO targeted military barracks, transmitters carrying the state-run television program and a series of bridges late Wednesday and early Thursday that reportedly injured three people the official Tanjug news agency said. Captured Americans Said To Be SafeBELGRADE, Yugoslavia (AP) A top Yugoslav official on Wednesday said the three U.S. soldiers captured last month by Serbian forces are being treated well. They were captured in our territory, and this state, even in such terrible circumstances, will respect the Geneva convention, Yugoslav Deputy Prime Minister Vuk Draskovic told CBS Evening News. Draskovic said the men would be released immediately after the stopping of the war. The soldiers have not been visited by any outside agency since their capture. Mrs. Dole Touts Her CredentialsANNAPOLIS, Md. (AP) Republican presidential hopeful Elizabeth Dole made her case for succeeding President Clinton to a group of 4,000 midshipmen of the U.S. Naval Academy tonight. Mrs. Dole, the wife of former presidential candidate and long-time Sen. Bob Dole, ticked off her travels through Bosnia and Beijing and endorsed ground troops in Kosovo. She called on Clinton to use all the power necessary to defeat Yugoslav President Slobodan Milosevics campaign against Kosovo. Teen-Ager Gets 70 Years for MurderTOMS RIVER, N.J. (AP) Portrayed as both victim and criminal, a teen-ager who admitted to killing an 11-year-old boy apologized as he was sentenced to 70 years in prison. Sam Manzie, 17, described by prosecutors as a sociopath programmed to have sex, rape and kill, told the victims parents he doesnt know how he got that way: I still cant figure out why I did what I did. Eddie Werner was strangled after he came to Manzies house selling items for the PTA in 1997. Prosecutors said Manzie killed the boy for rejecting his sexual advances. Sega Unveils New Video GameNEW YORK (AP) Sega will release Dreamcast, its next-generation video-game system, in September, hoping to gain a competitive advantage against rivals Sony and Nintendo for the crucial holiday shopping season. Sega is expected to announce Thursday it will launch a $100 million marketing campaign to support the U.S. rollout of Dreamcast, which will retail for $199. Sega will be the first manufacturer to release the next generation of gaming system in the United States. Dreamcast has already sold more than 1 million units in Japan since its launch last November. Tokyo Stocks Up at MiddayTOKYO (AP) Japanese stocks edged higher Thursday morning as investors snapped up financial shares and Sony announced a deal with IBM. The Nikkei rose 22.90 points to close the morning session at 16,787.58. In New York Wednesday, the Dow gained 16.65 to close at 10,411.66. Pacers Snap Magic Winning StreakINDIANAPOLIS (AP) Reggie Miller hit all 12 of his free throws and finished with 21 points as Indiana defeated Orlando 83-80 in a battle of Eastern Conference leaders Wednesday night, snapping the Magics six-game winning streak. The Magic trailed by nine points in the third quarter before Penny Hardaway, who finished with 25 points, hit a 3-pointer to pull Orlando even at 78-78 with 3:24 to play. .ud0100850a4269835dc3315f0a63f147d , .ud0100850a4269835dc3315f0a63f147d .postImageUrl , .ud0100850a4269835dc3315f0a63f147d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud0100850a4269835dc3315f0a63f147d , .ud0100850a4269835dc3315f0a63f147d:hover , .ud0100850a4269835dc3315f0a63f147d:visited , .ud0100850a4269835dc3315f0a63f147d:active { border:0!important; } .ud0100850a4269835dc3315f0a63f147d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud0100850a4269835dc3315f0a63f147d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud0100850a4269835dc3315f0a63f147d:active , .ud0100850a4269835dc3315f0a63f147d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud0100850a4269835dc3315f0a63f147d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud0100850a4269835dc3315f0a63f147d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud0100850a4269835dc3315f0a63f147d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud0100850a4269835dc3315f0a63f147d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud0100850a4269835dc3315f0a63f147d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud0100850a4269835dc3315f0a63f147d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud0100850a4269835dc3315f0a63f147d .ud0100850a4269835dc3315f0a63f147d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud0100850a4269835dc3315f0a63f147d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: In Search Of Excellence: Review (721 words) EssayBlues Bust Mighty Ducks 3-1ANAHEIM, Calif. (AP) Michel Picard and Geoff Courtnall scored goals 25 seconds apart in the first period and St. Louis beat Anaheim 3-1 Wednesday night, moving the Blues one point ahead of the Mighty Ducks in the Western Conference playoff race. Grant Fuhr stopped 31 shots, and was impenetrable until the third period when his shutout bid was spoiled by Paul Kariya.

Thursday, April 2, 2020

Structure and development of Australian Curriculum

Introduction Due to the dynamic changes that characterise the 21st century, Australia has done some progressive changes to its curriculum, all of which aim at making the skills acquired because of deploying the curriculum in teaching more market-demand oriented. The declarations of the goals of education that are vital for Australian young generation, as voiced by Melbourne, have greatly inspired the Australian curriculum.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Structure and development of Australian Curriculum specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The ministry of states and territory education adopted the declarations in 2008. According to ACARA (2010), â€Å"The Melbourne Declaration emphasizes the importance of knowledge, understanding and skills of learning areas, general capabilities and cross-curriculum priorities as the basis for a curriculum designed to support 21st century learning† (Para.1). Australia has es tablished a criterion for signifying the changes by using a coding system. An example of the code system is v1.1. â€Å"A change to the number after the point marks any updates to the curriculum such as additional information or editorial changes† (ACARA, 2010, Para. 1). The curriculum in one way or another deploys the process-product model but puts incredible emphasis on the varying students’ needs. By noting that education needs of students and labor markets are diverse, this paper examines the various features of the updated Australian curriculum, as accomplished by The Australian Curriculum Assessment and Reporting Authority (ACARA) in quest to cater for the needs of the 21st century learners. The Structure of the Australian curriculum Education and skills, which are the base level requirements of job markets, keep on changing: something that necessitates the need for alteration of curriculum to suit such demands. Consequently, the Australian curriculum has to face progressive modifications to make sure it takes into consideration the requirements of all the learners, as time changes. The need for validation of the curriculum increases based on the onset of sophistication of technologies and dynamics of the skills base of the Australian labor markets. As a result, Australia cannot avoid a corresponding validation and modification of the curriculum. In this regard, According to ACARA (2010), â€Å"The foundation to year 10 Australian curriculums for English, mathematics, science and history is now available including curriculum content supported with elaborations and achievements standards supported with work samples† (Para.1). It therefore means that the Australian curriculum is keeping abreast with dynamics of education to meet changing needs of students as well as labor market.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More ACARA has the chief respon sibility of developing the curriculum in Australia. â€Å"The scope and sequence summarises the curriculum documents of all states and territories and the Statements of Learning for Science† (MCEETYA, 2006, p.4). The scope of the curriculum work encompasses development of â€Å"curriculum from kindergarten to year 12, beginning with learning areas of English, mathematics, science and history† (2010, Para. 2) followed by curriculum development in arts, languages and geography subjects. Every subject must have the aims or rationale behind it described well, must have brief description of year levels and organization of the learning areas, have provisions for explanation of what people anticipate of the teachers to deliver as well as the descriptions of the expected quality standards that the teachers must meet. According to ACARA, the curriculum also provides â€Å"†¦student work samples that illustrate the achievement standard at each year level† (2010, Para .5). Thus, the work samples guide teachers in assessing performance of students from kindergarten to the others grade years. In addition, the curriculum must also have a glossary written consistently in accordance with the various terms that any curriculum must employ. Relationship of Australian curriculum with other models Australian curriculum is well compliant with various curriculum models, which borrow widely from process-product models and procedural models. Such models include Tyler and Skilbeck’s situational analysis models. Tyler’s model borrows it basis from sequences that are logically developed. â€Å"The models begins with the objectives through to content to method and then to evaluation/assessment† (Brady Kennedy, 2010, p.41). On the other hand, Skilbeck’s situational analysis model seeks to provide a process for examination of contexts that people deem appropriate for operation of the curriculum. Such theoretical basis is crucial for cons truction of any curriculum model: something that ACARA appears to appreciate. Although, Tyler may have not intended to deploy his procedural model to prescribe specific steps in the curriculum making process, the Australian curriculum rather follows specific planning steps tantamount to those theorized by Tyler. To ensure that the Australian curriculum measures up to the international curriculum, the requisite body: ACARA, charged with responsibility of curriculum modification benchmarks the newly to be incorporated changes with curriculum from other nations.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Structure and development of Australian Curriculum specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Australian curriculum depicts a significant relationship with other curriculum models, as it takes into consideration the importance of hitting an optimal capability to interrelate the skills, the experiences acquired and the capacity of t he learners to deploy such skills in their lifelong endeavors. Virtually all people endow different students with differing capacity to build on abstract ideas, reason critically, and make impeccable application of the meta-cognitive skills in the due learning process. Such concerns in the Australian curriculum are somewhat compliant with the Stibecks model, put forward in 1976, in which he highlights the importance of school cultures and proclaims that in understanding of these culture contributions to the effectiveness of learning results, the first step would entangle conducting situational analysis. Directly congruent with the Australian curriculum model, Stilbeck model emphasizes on the â€Å"goal formulations, program building implementation and monitoring† (p.26). Consequently, in an endeavor to guarantee the safeguarding of underachievement, â€Å"curriculum needs to be developed that will both challenge and stimulate students appropriately† (Brady Kennedy, 20 10, p.32). This constitutes a major aim of all described curriculum models and something inherent in the Australian curriculum model. Choice and Flexibility are essential components of any curriculum. Differentiation, followed by fine-tuning of the curriculum models has the capacity to aid in a creative way in producing a curriculum that is accommodative of all individual student differences. Similar to other curriculum models, Australian curriculum model aims at ensuring that the curriculum is adaptive to accommodate every student. It accomplishes this through substantive revisions, as prompted by the need to meet the dynamic market labor demands. Definition of the Australian curriculum The idea of curriculum has been in use over a long term to describe the schooling organizations. In his book, The Curriculum, Kelly defines curriculum as â€Å"all the learning, planned and guided by school, whether done in groups or individually inside or outside the school† (1999, p.12).Adv ertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In this context, one can view curriculum cuts as a product, which entangles a transmittable sphere of knowledge. He/ she can as well view it as a praxis and or process, which are congruent with Aristotle’s classification of knowledge into four categories: â€Å"the theoretical, the productive, and the practical† (Kelly, 1999, p.5). The syllabus itself is more of theoretical and must undergo a process to make it more practical. The outputs of the process: products and praxis render the curriculum productive. In the context of the Australian definition of curriculum, according to the Royal Australian college of general practitioner curriculum â€Å"details the knowledge, skills and attitudes, necessary competency, unsupervised general practice and emphasizes self directed learning objectives, the development of critical self reflection and lifelong learning skills, and maintenance of professional practice standards† (2010, Para. 6). This definition, substantially addresses the key concerns of any curriculum in a broad sense in schooling. However, according to Marsh (2004), the much scholarly contested need for the inclusion of the curriculum applications outside school is still left out to confine the definition of the curriculum (p.199). Thus, teachers need to entangle strategies, which make sure that the key skills and competencies get across to students effectively. Goals and purposes of education The purposes of education entail making every student, irrespective of race or disability to grow into full potential and capacity since education encompasses creation of means of opening barriers, minds and making it possible to convert impossibilities into possibilities (Marsh 2004, p.210). The curriculum in Australia seeks to instill strong foundation on key areas of learning including numeracy, teamwork, creativity, social competence, literacy, self-management among other areas. The main object aims at enabling all the Australian students to stand a chance of learning through multi interdisciplinary environment with the intention of developing new and efficient expertise that meets the hefty demands of the 21st century job market. The Australian curriculum supports and promotes the view that curriculum constitutes a major tool for predicting and ensuring that young people in Australia become competitive in cultural life, economic and political both locally and in the international floors. According to (ACARA), such a curriculum deserve to be a reflection of the Australian â€Å" visions for future and best attempts for predicting and planning what young people will need to be active and successful† (2010, Para.8). In the development process of the curriculum, involvement of all stakeholders and professional associations have the capacity to supply the ardently required expertise deemed necessary for merging the views of the curriculum and actual practice on the ground. The views of Australian curriculum on the l earner The learners are diverse and have varying capabilities. The founders of the Australian curriculum framed it in a way that â€Å"ensures that curriculum content and achievements standards establish high expectations for all students† (Killen, 2003, p.23). The curriculum is flexible and tailor made in such a way that it turns rigorous with provisions for availing engagement opportunities during the learning process to all students who are viewed as possessing multiple need which evidently spontaneously change largely due to factors attributable to diversity in historical backgrounds and social economics. Worth noting is that many diverse factors inform the curriculum thereby influencing the curriculum view of learners. The first factor is philosophy, which helps in understanding the behaviors of students and how to cope with these behaviors in order to ensure proper learning. The curriculum also caters for the needs of students who need special treatment. Human developme nt has also influenced Australian curriculum view of learners. Due to the rapid change happening in the current world, which involves a lot of human development, the Australian curriculum is undergoing many changes to produce students who can cope with the changes experienced in 21st century. This curriculum caters for all kind of learners. Learning theories, evident in the curriculum, aid in understanding the complex process of learning. The valued processes of teaching, assessment and learning Australian curriculum ensures effective processes of learning, teaching, and assessment of all students. These processes are paramount in ensuring that student getting out of Australian schools are well informed and are ready to tackle diverse challenges. The learning process is of great essence in this curriculum, as it serves to equip students with the necessary skills as stipulated in the curriculum. This incorporates student-centered and teacher –directed learning together with en abling all students to relax and instigate different questions with lot of increasing initiative, expertise, and self-direction (Rudd Smith, 2007, p. 17). Learning process involves theoretical learning in books, education visits, and practical lessons. This makes learning more enjoyable and meaningful for all students and to aid students in making sense of key concepts or ideas. Accessing whether the student has achieved at, below, or above the set standards is paramount because it forms a strong feedback on how to improve the teaching process for better results. In addition, it aids in discovering students requiring targeted teaching and additional support to ensure that they do not fall behind other students. Assessment process of this curriculum occurs for different purposes and at different levels. This include, ongoing formative assessments within Australian classrooms with aim of monitoring learning processes and providing feedback to Australian teachers to inform their own t eaching and improve way of learning among students (Pinar, 2003, p.23). Monitoring learning process and continuous assessment of students is essential in determining of appropriate curriculum. Furthermore, there is a summative assessment done for diverse purposes of twice-yearly assessment and reporting to guardians and parents on achievements and progress of their students. In addition, there is an annual â€Å"†¦testing of different levels of students’ achievements in distinct aspects of numeracy and literacy† (Pinar, 2003, p.23). This is, â€Å"conducted as a part of Australian National Assessment Program-Literacy and Numeracy’ (NAPLAN)† (Holt, 1996, p.249). Lastly, there is periodic sample evaluation and testing of learning areas, which fall within this curriculum in order to ensure high quality standards are maintained. All these process have produced remarkable results by producing well-informed students with diverse knowledge. Extent to which Australian Curriculum cater for the 21st century needs Over the years, Australian curriculum has undergone tremendous changes all aimed at re-defining the goals of education, re-conceptualizing of skills, attributes, and depositions that young Australians should gain from their education. This re-conceptualization is set to cater for unprecedented global changes, driven by technological and economic forces as well as environmental challenges. This curriculum is, â€Å"focused on equipping students with adequate skills so as to take advantage of diverse opportunities offered by the rapid changing world and contribute to tacking its many challenges† (Schwartz, 2006, p.449). It achieves this through quality teaching, innovations, good leadership in schools, and employment of highly qualified professionals in the learning institutions. In addition, Australian Government has endorsed different researches, which provide means of catering for the diverse needs experienced in 21st ce ntury. Conclusion ACARA plays a significant role in ensuring that Australian curriculum is flexible to keep breast with changing dynamics in education and labor markets. In the development of the curriculum, ACARA has realized the need for collective purpose in education. Consequently, Australian curriculum has undergone several changes into its updated stated discussed in the paper. Since the curriculum views the needs of students as diverse, it must satisfy their myriads anticipations. Substantive revisions are inevitable, if at all, one has to meet the demands precisely. Thus, the essay claims that the characteristic changes in the labor market demand have the capacity to warrant for the need to revise the curriculum perhaps annually. References Australian Curriculum Assessment and Reporting Authority. (2010). Australian curriculum. Web. Brady, L., Kennedy, K. (2010). Curriculum Construction, (4th Ed.). French’s Forest: Pearson. Holt, M. (1996). The making of Casablanca a nd the making of curriculum. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 28(3), 241-251. Kelly, A. (1999). The Curriculum. Theory and Practice. London: Paul Chapman. Killen, R. (2003). Effective teaching strategies: Lessons from research and practice, (3rd Ed.).Tuggerah, NSW: Social Science Press. Marsh, C. J. (2004). Key Concepts for Understanding Curriculum, (3rd Ed.). London; New York: Routledge Falmer. MCEETYA. (2006). Statements of Learning for Science. Melbourne: Curriculum Corporation. Pinar, W. (2003). International Handbook of Curriculum Research. London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Royal Australian College of General Practitioner. (2010). Frameworks for A New Curriculum. Retrieved from https://www.racgp.org.au/education/education-providers/curriculum. Rudd, K., Smith, S. (2007). Establishing a National Curriculum to improve our Children’s Educational Outcomes. New Directions for our Schools. Oxford: Oxford UP. Schwartz, M. (2006). For who do we Write Curriculum? Journal of Cur riculum Studies, 38(4), 449-457. This essay on Structure and development of Australian Curriculum was written and submitted by user Rylan Beck to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Sunday, March 8, 2020

Prayer In Schools Essays - Prayer, Christian Prayer, Spirituality

Prayer In Schools Essays - Prayer, Christian Prayer, Spirituality Prayer In Schools Prayer in Public Schools: Should It Be Constitutional The courts have ruled against prayer in school. Many agree with decision; yet many disagree including myself. Prayer should be allowed in public school because it is already practiced, it prevents immoral acts, and it enhances the learning environment. The issue of prayer in school has been debated in the U.S. since the North West Treaty (1787and 1789) which states: Religion, morality, and the knowledge being necessary for good government and the happiness of man kind, schools and the means of learning shall forever be engorged. Thus, religion, which includes prayer, was deemed to be necessary. Many people believe that prayer is not allowed in the public schools. In fact prayer is allowed in the school system on buses, at the flagpole, in student religious groups, and in the cafeteria. However, prayer is not permitted in the classroom itself when class is in session. Prayer in class would violate the principles of church- state separation, which is defined by court interpretations of the First Amendment. This requires that public school teachers, principals, and boards to be religiously neutral. The reason for this is to prevent any arguments among students and teachers about their specific religion. Public schools had prayer for nearly two hundred years before the supreme court ruled that state- mandated class prayers were unconstitutional (Engle, 1962) The fact that prayer was practiced for nearly two-hundred years established it by precedent as a beneficial practice in our schools. Since the court outlawed prayer, the nation has been in steady moral decline. Former secretary of education William Bennett revealed in his cultured indexes that between 1960 and1990 there was a steady moral decline. During this period divorce doubled, teenage pregnancy went up 200%, teen suicide increased 300%, child abuse reached an all time high, violent crime went up 500% and abortion increased 1000% . Morals must be taught and they can not be taught properly without religion, because most of the strong moral beliefs stem from religion such as the Ten Commandments. There is a strong correlation between the expulsion of prayer from our schools and the decline in morality. The third argument is prayer enhances the learning environment at public schools. Prayer enhances the learning environment because when there is a test coming up or a paper due, you think to yourself, How am I going to do all of this, and do well? I know from personal experiences, that having a number of assignments due at the same time can be frustrating. When this happens, I always turn to God, and he guides and gives me strength and understanding. The outcome from doing praying is always good and the things that I asked for in my prayer are always bestowed upon me. Prayer may not enhance everyones learning environment but I know before I start my day, I ask God to let me have a good day and let everything that I do, be a true learning experience for me. The experience may not always be good, but if it happens, it happens for a reason. Finally, I will end with a quote from An Outrageous Idea: Natural Prayer written by Patty Jo Cornish. We have forgotten that we are all in this together and we keep separating ourselves by ourselves by colors, by football teams, by clothes, by money, by creed, by greed, by boundaries, by age, and so on and on. We need something to pull us all together, natural prayer could be that miracle. It includes everyone even the non-believers.

Thursday, February 20, 2020

Week 7 Group Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Week 7 Group - Assignment Example The first, and most important, activity is to classify users into categories and define their duties and rights of access. ABC users can be subdivided into two main categories; ABC staff who include developers and the ABC administration, and the general public which incorporates developers from other companies and ABC clients. Whereas ABC employees have more access to company systems external users get restricted access to these resources. For instance, ABC developers need to have access to secured servers that will allow them to develop new software and be able to post them to less secured public servers from where other developers and software lovers can download software or its source code. A number of servers with different configurations must be employed so as to have a reliable system. An internal CVS server would be necessary to limit access to the company’s most crucial systems to its employees. Its location shall be in a remote location that cannot be easily accessed. It shall also have a live backup system that will be use to back it up in preparation for any failure. This will ensure that there is limited disruption in case the internal CVS server fails (Newman 2010). This server is configured in such a way that it is only accessible within the company network and from recognized and authenticated proxies. In order to make this possible, the system administrator creates a readers file in the servers root. The file defines the read and write permissions for all users and domains that can access it. It also authenticates the users and blocks any unauthorized access. The administrator can also ban some users from accessing the server even if they are company staff. The company will conduct its business using this server. It is necessary to make sure that the server cannot be configured remotely. This ensures

Wednesday, February 5, 2020

Application of the Scientific Method Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Application of the Scientific Method - Assignment Example Which is the best detergent to use when cleaning dirty clothes? Many detergents exist all for the purpose of cleaning. Some have the best advertisements and are thus popular; others have the chemicals that clean clothes without much effort, while others have negative effects on the user’s skin when frequently used. Some detergents are also used not only because of the effectiveness in cleaning but because they have fair prices and are cheaply available to many. Liquid detergent cleans clothes faster and more thorough than powder detergent. To prove this hypothesis, both types of detergents have to be used on the same type of cloth containing an equal amount of dirt or stains and under the same environmental conditions in terms of temperature of water used and also the type of the water itself, whether soft or hard. Such conditions ensure that the detergents are tested on fairgrounds and that the results obtained can be reliable when it comes to making conclusions on the best detergent. Testing this hypothesis is important in making comprehensive conclusions. To test the hypothesis, a piece of clothing of a reasonable size, say one square meter, could be dirtied with mud, oil, food spills and colored fluids. These should be evenly distributed on the piece of clothing to ensure that every part gets an equal share of dirt. The clothing could then be cut into two pieces, each of equal size. Water from the same source should be put in two different buckets. The powder detergent could be dissolved in one bucket and the liquid detergent in the other. The two dirty pieces of cloth should be soaked into the two buckets for the same amount of time. The amount of dirt removed from the pieces of cloth by soaking should be compared. The pieces of cloth could then be hand washed in the detergent and the amount of time and effort taken to clean each noted.

Monday, January 27, 2020

Rape Date Rape And Rape Trauma Syndrome

Rape Date Rape And Rape Trauma Syndrome Rape is a huge issue that plagues the world today. It is a worldwide issue, and is not specific to any one country. Rape also can impact anyone at any time. It is not specific to any one neighborhood, race, gender, sexual orientation, age, or financial status. Rapes continue to happen frequently, and yet many are not reported to the police. Rape is widely thought to be the most underreported crime. There are many stigmas that go along with rape, so it makes it difficult to come forward. Also, it is sometimes difficult to prove rape when there are no physical signs. The victim may also fear being further victimized through the investigative process, so the crime is not reported. Furthermore, with the easy availability of illegal drugs, date rape has become more commonplace. Although date rape can occur without drugs, many times people use illegal substances to render their victims powerless against their advances. This is one form of date rape. In these cases, the victims do not even know what happened to them, and if they were even raped. Some of the drugs can create loss of memory, so it makes it impossible for the victim to express what happened. There are many different drugs used for date rape. Some, like alcohol, are not illegal substances. However, many of the drugs used in date rape are illegal substances. Rape can leave the victim feeling powerless. Many victims experience rape trauma syndrome, which can severely impact their lives. With the prevalence of rape in all communities, it is crucial for people to stay vigilant and aware of their surroundings. Although it is impossible to ensure complete security, there are ways to maintain safety. It is important for everyone to make their own drinks so that no one can slip any drugs into them. Also, a buddy system can be very beneficial to help everyone stay safe, and not end up a bad situation. Reasons Why Rape is Underreported Rape is one of the most underreported crimes. The Uniform Crime Report is an annual report that includes offenses reported to law enforcement agencies at the city, county, and state levels (Meadows, 2010, p. 5). This report details the offenses that are reported to the authorities. The National Crime Victimization Survey is a source of data that recognized incidents not reported to the police and includes a detailed report of crime incidents, victims involved, and trends affecting victims (Meadows, 2010, p. 9). Both the Uniform Crime Report and the National Crime Victimization Survey include information about rape, yet they each report drastically different numbers. There are significantly more rapes reported in the National Crime Victimization Survey than in the Uniform Crime Report. It has been reported by the U.S. Department of Justice that only 31% of all rapes are reported to the authorities (Arrigo, 2006, p. 108). This creates a problem in the criminal justice field because it is difficult to put a stop to rape when most people do not report their victimization. There are many reasons why rape is underreported. The National Crime Victimization Survey found that the most common reason given by victims of violent crime (including rape) for not reporting a crime was that it was a private or personal matter (Meadows, 2010, ps. 9-10). Other reasons why victims may not report rape include fear of reprisal, embarrassment, or the belief that the victim may not be believed (Meadows, 2010, p. 10). These issues all contribute to the underreporting of rape. Rape is a profoundly different type of crime as the attacker is using their body as a weapon. Instead of merely stealing some personal item that can be replaced, the attacker takes something from the victims body and mind, which can never be replaced. This ordeal may only last a few minutes, but feels like hours to the victim as they wonder what will happen next. Also, it can last longer in cases of gang rapes. Once the event is finally over and the victim realizes they have survived, they may not want to talk about it with anyone, and especially not law enforcement officers and prosecutors. Rape truly is the most personal of all crimes. Many people do not talk about sexual matters at all, so they are even less likely to discuss rape. If someone was raised in an environment where they did not talk about sexual things, they will be less likely to report a rape as an adult. It is difficult enough for the victim to get through the actual experience, and victims do not want to have to relive it several times with many different people. Unfortunately, that is the only way to bring justice to the attacker. If the victim comes forward about the attack, they will have to talk to the police at least once, talk to the prosecutor, and talk to the judge or jury depending on the type of case. It would not be as difficult if the victim only had to discuss the issue once, but they continually have to discuss it with different people, all of whom are strangers to them. Rape can occur between a stranger and a victim, but many sexual assaults, however, occur between victims and offenders who know each other (Meadows, 2010, p. 98). This leads the victim to fear retaliation if they do report the attack. Many rapists may even threaten the victim to prevent them from going to the police. Victims take these threats seriously because the attacker has already shown their violent nature, so they may be capable of much worse. In the case of date rape, the attacker may know where the victim lives and works, and this makes their threats more dangerous because they know how to find the victim. A survey of college women showed that 38% reported sexual victimization that met the legal definition of rape or attempted rape, yet only 1 in 25, or 4% reported the incident to the police (Arrigo, 2006, p. 109). This is just a small illustration of how many rapes go unreported, and how many rapists are free to rape again. Rape victims also have to fear the embarrassment that a rape case can bring. When someone does report a rape and it goes to court, the defense may try to prove it was consensual, or that the victim wanted it. Also, the police officers may ask questions that appear to blame the victim. Although there are laws protecting rape victims to a certain extent, there is still embarrassment that goes along with reporting a rape. Many date rape victims are reluctant to report the act for fear that their own behavior will be scrutinized by others (Meadows, 2010, p. 98). This may be because many of the victims of date rape had been drinking or otherwise involved in some type of festivity when the rape occurred (Meadows, 2010, p. 98). Because of their partying, victims may not want to come forward. This also brings embarrassment into their family. It the rape is reported to the police, the family will find out eventually, and the victim may not want them to know. They may want to protect their fam ily, or are simply too embarrassed about the attack. They may not want their parents to know the terrible thing that was done to them. They also may feel partially responsible because they had too much to drink. Ultimately, they do not want to have to talk to complete strangers about what someone did to their own body. Rape is also underreported because victims fear they will not be believed. Many rape cases end up being he said, she said because there is no physical evidence. If there are no bruises or cuts on the victim, it is difficult to prove rape. The emergency room doctor can do a rape kit shortly after the attack to see if there is any evidence. However, even if bodily fluids are found on the victim, that only proves that there was a sexual encounter, it does not prove whether or not it was a consensual act. Many rapists may use verbal threats to get the victim to comply, so there may be no physical marks or bruising. Some women fight back, but others do not because of fear. Rapists may have a weapon they threaten the victims with, so it may be smarter not to fight back in that case. However, this makes it difficult to prosecute. If victims know that there are no bruises or cuts on their body, and it will be difficult to win a case, they many not even report it. Some victims may not report rapes because they do not trust the police. This is especially seen in certain cultures that exhibit a distrust of law enforcement. This may be for many reasons. They may have grown up in a low-income environment where many people participated in illegal activities. They also may have had negative personal experiences with police officers. Also, if they are in the country illegally, they are less likely to report a crime. They may also have a friend or family member who was arrested, and that makes them dislike the police as well. It can also be difficult for victims to come forward regarding sexual assault due to the large percentage of male law enforcement officers. When someone reports a rape, they are asked extremely precise and intimate questions about what exactly the attacker did to them. They have to give details about the encounter that may be difficult to talk about, and it is even worse when the victim is female, and has to discuss it with a male. Although males can be victims of sexual assault, many victims are females, and they have to talk to male officers about their sexual assault. It is uncomfortable for many people to talk to a stranger about anything sexual, so to discuss a sexual assault is even worse. This is made even more challenging as officers can sometimes seem to be uncaring. The officers job is to collect the information about the crime. They are not responsible for consoling the victim, so they may come across as being abrupt or unsympathetic. This only causes the victim more pain as they have to discuss the assault and feel like they are not getting any sympathy. These are only a few of the reasons why rape is underreported. Victims have their own reasons for not reporting rapes, including fear of embarrassment, fear of retaliation, and the fear that they will not be believed. They also may not want to discuss this due to the personal nature of the crime. Victims may just want to move on with their lives and act like the assault never happened. What is date rape? There are many different types of rape. One type is called stranger rape. This is when a complete stranger rapes someone. These rapists often use weapons and threats of violence to gain the victims submission (Arrigo, 2006). However, the most common type of rape is called date rape. This occurs when someone is raped by a person they know. They may be on a date with this person, or be socializing with them at a party. This is extremely common, and often happens on college campuses. Date rape can also include when the assailant uses some type of drugs to make the victim powerless against the attack. Most rapes occur between victims and attackers who are known to each other. In fact, among victims 18-29 years old, two-thirds had a prior relationship with the rapist (Meadows, 2010, p. 97). Many rapists attack ex-girlfriends, casual acquaintances, or people they are currently dating. These rapes are especially difficult as the attacker is someone the victim knows and trusts. The victim may even have to see the rapist around town if they decide not to report the rape. In addition, studies on college campuses have indicated that date rape is increasing (Meadows, 2010, p. 98). An alarming survey shows that more than half of a representative sample of more than 1,000 female students at a large urban university had experienced some form of unwanted sex (Meadows, 2010, p. 98). Of these reported acts, twelve percent were done by casual dates, while 43 percent were done by steady dating partners (Meadows, 2010, p. 98). One study found that many women raped by men they know do not think of themselves as rape victims (Meadows, 2010, p. 98). Perhaps they think the rape was simply a misunderstanding. Still another study shows that date rape primarily occurs when the date was unplanned or the woman had been picked up in a social setting (Meadows, 2010, p. 98). Further studies have shown that 1 in 4 college women . . . [have] been raped or [have] suffered an attempted rape (Arrigo, 2006, p.109). These studies show the frequency of date rape occurring on colleg e campuses. Many researchers have attempted to determine why date rape is so prevalent on college campuses. Mary P. Koss is considered to be one of the most prolific researchers on rape (Schmalleger, 2009, p. 403). Koss conducted much research on college campuses, and found that 73% of the rape victims reported that the offender was drinking (Schmalleger, 2009, p. 403). Some researchers point to the college lifestyle as the reason why date rape is so common. Fraternities can contribute to the formation of attitudes that and behaviors that objectify women and normalize sexual coercion (Schmalleger, 2009, p. 403). Fraternity parties have a long history of underage drinking and random sexual acts. This is a problem when the sexual acts are not consensual. Furthermore, fraternities are about brotherhood, and this creates a preoccupation with loyalty, group protection and security, use of alcohol as a weapon, involvement in violence and physical force, and an emphasis on competitiveness and superiori ty (Schmalleger, 2009, p. 403). This brotherhood mentality makes it difficult for anyone to come forward if they witness anything inappropriate. Even if a victim comes forward, the attackers entire fraternity house may come to his defense, making it difficult to win a criminal case. Date rape is far too common amongst young people today. Victims do not typically come forward to report what happened, which leaves the rapist able to do the same thing to yet another victim. The partying lifestyle found at some colleges contributes to the rape problem. Parties can end up being a place where drunken men force themselves upon others, who are unable to resist. The victim is left feeling helpless and afraid, and in some cases may not even know what happened. Drugs Used in Date Rape Sometimes rapists use drugs to make their victim drowsy or unable to fight back. There are many different types of drugs used in this way. Rohypnol, gamma hydroxybutyric acid (more commonly known as GHB), and ketamine are just a few date rape drugs that may be slipped into an unwilling participants drink. These drugs are used for date rape because they produce prolonged sedation, a feeling of well-being, and short-term memory loss (Meadows, 2010, p. 98). In addition, many drugs on the market have no particular color, smell, or taste, which makes it easy to add to a victims drink without anyone knowing (Meadows, 2010, p. 99). Because these drugs can create short-term memory loss, the victim may not even know if they were raped or not. Rohypnol is a drug prescribed for insomnia, and is also used as preoperative anesthetic (Meadows, 2010). It also has medical uses as a muscle relaxant, hypnotic, anti-convulsant, sedative, and anti-anxiety medication (Schmalleger, 2009). Rohypnol is the trade name for flunitrazepam. It is a benzodiazepine, and is a central nervous system depressant. Rohypnol can incapacitate victims and prevent them from resisting sexual assault (Meadows, 2010, p. 99). It also can create anterograde amnesia, which makes the victim not remember anything that happened while under the influence of the drug. The effects of Rohypnol can be felt within about thirty minutes of ingesting the drug (Weiss, 2008). The effects of Rohypnol can last from one to eight hours (Schmalleger, 2009). This can make the entire night a blur, and the victim may not remember anything about the night. A further danger of Rohypnol is that it can be lethal when it is mixed with alcoholic beverages or other depressants. This coul d cause a date rape to turn into a murder. This drug is not approved for use in the United States. However, the drug became more commonplace in the 1990s for date rape purposes, and became known as a roofie (Meadows, 2010). Gamma hydroxybutyric acid is another central nervous system depressant. GHB, also called Liquid X, has been used since the 1990s in the United States for its euphoric, sedative, and anabolic (body-building) effects (Meadows, 2010, p. 100). This drug was actually sold in health food stores in the 1980s and the early 1990s (Meadows, 2010). Like Rohypnol, GHB can have negative effects if taken with alcoholic beverages. It can cause breathing problems and nausea (Meadows, 2010). GHB can take effect within fifteen minutes of being drugged (Weiss, 2008). The effects of GHB can last between three and six hours (Meadows 2010). Some of the effects of GHB use are slurred speech, disorientation, drunken behavior without odor of alcohol, [and] impaired memory of events (Schmalleger, 2009, p. 540). Also, a study was conducted with 17 GHB users being interviewed about their drug use. This study found that while on the drug, 65% of users had an increased sexual desire, and 47% had decreased sexual inhibitions (Lee Levounis, 2008). Some of the subjects even mentioned that GHB could cause poor decision making in sexual situations (Lee Levounis, 2008, p. 245). This further illustrates why assailants would use this drug. If the victim is given too much GHB, the effects of overdose include shallow respiration, clammy skin, dilated pupils, weak and rapid pulse, coma, and possible death (Schmalleger, 2009, p. 540). This drug can be very dangerous. Ketamine, also known as Special K, is another date rape drug. Ketamine is used in the United States as an anesthetic, and is predominantly used on animals in veterinary offices (Justice.com, 2011). According to the United States Drug Enforcement Administration, recent press reports indicate that a significant number of veterinary clinics are being robbed specifically for their ketamine stock (Justice.com, 2011). Thieves are stealing the ketamine and selling it as a drug to party-goers. It can come in a clear liquid form, so it is very easy to slip into drinks undetected. This drug is often used as a club drug, so it is easily accessible to students who may be planning a date rape. Some of the effects of ketamine are delirium, amnesia, depression, and long-term memory and cognitive difficulties (Justice.com, 2011). This drug, like GHB and Rohypnol, leaves the victim unsure of what has taken place. The effects of ketamine can be felt almost immediately (Weiss, 2008). Also, the victim m ay be aware of what is taking place, but unable to stop it (Weiss, 2008). One date rape drug that is commonly used at parties is alcohol. According to the National Womens Health Information Center, any drug that can affect judgment and behavior can put a person at risk for unwanted or risky sexual activity (Weiss, 2008). This definition includes alcohol. Even though the victim may be willingly ingesting the alcohol, someone may take advantage of them once they are drunk. Alcohol can make it difficult to think clearly, harder to tell if a situation is dangerous, and harder to fight back if attacked (Weiss, 2008). Also, like the other date rape drugs, alcohol can cause memory loss, or a black out (Weiss, 2008). The victim may black out and be raped, and not remember what happened the next day. One common effect of date rape drugs is their ability to inhibit the victims memory. These drugs cause short-term memory loss so the victim is unsure if they were raped. This makes it less likely that the victim will report the incident to the police. In fact, the victim may not even realize they were drugged at all. If the victim was drinking the night before, it is possible they will think they simply had too much to drink. This further illustrates why date rape is drastically underreported. What Happens in the Emergency Room? After someone is raped, they may need medical attention. Most often they visit their local emergency room for treatment. It is estimated that 75% of female rape victims require medical attention after their attack (Arrigo, 2006, p. 109). Although different areas and hospitals may have different procedures for handling a rape victim, typically the process is similar. The medical staff will call law enforcement to make a police report, will call the local rape crisis group, will call the Division of Family and Children Services if a minor is involved, and will perform a full examination of the victim. When the police officer arrives to take a report of the alleged rape, they must speak to the victim. They will ask the victim to recall everything that happened in the attack. If the area has a local rape crisis advocacy group, there may be a victims advocate there to help the victim with this process. In an ideal situation, the victim can explain to the officer, victims advocate, and medical staff what took place at the same time so they do not have to repeat themselves. However, many times all parties are not present at the same time, and the victim is forced to relive the event multiple times. The victim must give details about the location of the attack, and what the attacker did specifically. They must tell exactly where the attacker touched them, and where the attacker kissed them. All of this information is crucial for the evidence collection process. Once the police officer has made the report, they will leave. The victim will undergo a thorough medical examination to ensure there are no health concerns. Depending on the nature of the attack, the victim may have a pregnancy test done. Charlotte Murton, a rape crisis specialist, noted that it is also common for the medical staff to check for gonorrhea and Chlamydia (Rape Crisis and Sexual Assault Services Volunteer Training, 2010). The victims must follow up with their personal doctor or local health department to have a more complete sexually transmitted disease screen at a later time. Most victims are also given antibiotics to ward off possible infection. The medical staff will also check for any tearing or irritation in the areas of the attack. When the victim goes to the emergency room, they may have the option to do a rape kit or evidence kit. If the assault happened within 120 hours of the emergency room visit, the medical staff can do the evidence kit (Rape Crisis and Sexual Assault Services Volunteer Training, 2010). This will help collect evidence for a possible trial if the victim decides to press charges. This process is extremely invasive and can even be painful, but it is the only way to collect certain evidence. Typically a rape crisis advocate will stay with the victim throughout the entire process. The process for collecting evidence in Augusta, Georgia is very specific, although the order may be changed. First, the victim must stand on a large piece of paper and undress. The paper is there to collect any loose fibers as the victim undresses. The victims clothes will then be bagged up separately in case there is evidence on the clothes (Rape Crisis and Sexual Assault Services Volunteer Training, 2010). All of t he clothes, including underwear, will be kept as evidence. Once the victim is undressed, the medical staff will do a visual inspection to see if there are any obvious injuries. If so, these injuries will be documented and photographed. Then the victim will have to give 25 hairs from their head (Rape Crisis and Sexual Assault Services Volunteer Training, 2010). This serves to show the DNA of the victim. Any areas the victim was licked or kissed will be swabbed for possible DNA. There also may be a swab of the victims mouth if there was any type of oral contact. The victim will then lie down with a large piece of paper below them to catch any loose hairs or fibers. The nurse will use a comb on the victims pubic hair to gather any loose hairs that may be from the attacker (Rape Crisis and Sexual Assault Services Volunteer Training, 2010). The nurse must then use a special comb that rips out hair to gather 25 of the victims pubic hairs from the root (Rape Crisis and Sexual Assault Services Volunteer Training, 2010). This process is especially painful. The nurse will also use a black light to see if there are any fluids that fluoresce. If something does show up, that area will be swabbed (Rape Crisis and Sexual Assault Services Volunteer Training, September 17, 2010). If the victim fought against the attacker, the nurse will clean under the victims nails to get possible debris. The nurse will also swab the victims vagina, anus, or penis depending on the nature of the attack (Rape Crisis and Sexual Assault Services Volunteer Training, 2010). If the victim was drugged and is unsure what happened, all areas will be swabbed. There will be several swabs of each area. The victim will then be given clothes or scrubs to wear home. In areas that have a rape crisis center, volunteer advocates are on call at all times to help a victim in need. They are called in to be with the victim throughout the entire emergency room visit, and will follow up with the victim at a later date. These advocates act as liaisons between the victim, medical staff, and police officers. They can let the victim know what to expect in the examinations, and what to expect if they press charges. They also have information about places to obtain counseling and support. This is particularly important for victims who do not have family or friends with them in the emergency room. The process that victims undergo at the emergency room can be very painful and draining. They have to relive the experience to many different people and discuss extremely private matters. Many times, law enforcement officers are male, and the victim must discuss sexual things with this male. This proves to be a difficult experience as sometimes victims are not even able to articulate what happened. They may want to forget about it or not talk about it. Then they have to go through a medical examination to make sure they are healthy. If they decide not to do an evidence kit, it is still recommended that a doctor do a pelvic exam and take swabs for possible sexually transmitted diseases. If the victim does decide to go through with an evidence kit, it is a painful and invasive process. There may even be pictures taken of the victims body if there are bruises or cuts. In addition, in some areas the rape kits may not even be tested. The Texas Tribune reports that the state is so behind i n testing rape kits that it is impossible to catch up (Grissom, 2011). Some unprocessed rape kits in Texas date back to the 1980s (Grissom, 2011). Even if the kits are processed, it can take a year before the results are known (Grissom, 2011). This gives insight into why so many rapes go unreported, and why so many people choose not to have an evidence kit. Consequences of Rape Rape is a horrifying and invasive crime. It has the potential to completely change the victims life. With some crimes, once the actual crime is over, the victim can move on with their life. This is not the case with rape victims. Once the attack is over, there are many other issues the victim will encounter. Many victims of rape experience long-term consequences of their attack. There may be physical consequences deriving from the attack. There also may be emotional consequences. Many rape victims have difficulties returning to their normal lives after the attack. They may exhibit symptoms of rape trauma syndrome, a type of post-traumatic stress disorder. There are many physical consequences that can arise from rape. The victim may become pregnant from the attack. This leads to a difficult decision for the victim, made even more difficult if they do not believe abortion is an appropriate option. Some women may have religious or personal views that prevent them from getting an abortion, and thus are forced to go through a pregnancy resulting from a rape. In addition, the adult rape pregnancy rate is actually increasing based on United States Census Reports (Meadows 2010). It is estimated that there may be 32,100 rape-related pregnancies annually among America women over the age of 18 years (Meadows, 2010, p. 102). This statistic does not even include all the minors who become pregnant due to a sexual assault. Rape victims can also contract sexually transmitted diseases from the attack. Depending on the disease, there may be an easy cure, or they may have to live with the disease for the rest of their lives. If they contract acquired immune deficiency syndrome, more commonly known as AIDS, their life may actually be shortened. This is why many emergency rooms administer antibiotics when someone claims they have been raped. This is an attempt to cure a disease before it is even diagnosed. Also, some emergency rooms may have prophylactic treatment for those who may have been exposed to AIDS. Rape victims may also have acute injuries resulting from the rape (Meadows 2010). Depending on the level of violence in the rape, these injuries can be minimal to severe. Typically the most violent rapes are stranger rapes. This is because stranger rapists are more likely to involve the use of a weapon (Arrigo, 2006, p. 109). This weapon is most frequently a knife (Arrigo, 2006). If the attacker used the knife to stab the victim, there may be internal injuries or bleeding. Attackers also may beat their victims. This can lead to simple cuts and bruises or more complex injuries like broken ribs. In addition, the victim may experience vaginal or rectal tears from the rape. There are both emotional and psychological issues resulting from rape that are included in rape trauma syndrome. There are two phases of rape trauma syndrome. The first phase is the acute phase. In the acute phase, the victim experiences a complete disruption of her life, resulting from the violence she experienced (Meadows, 2010, p. 38). The victim may have a range of emotions during the acute phase, including crying, shouting, swearing, or laughing inappropriately (Meadows, 2010, p. 38). The victim may experience severe mood swings, and change emotions very quickly. They may be fearful to even leave their home. If the attack happened in their home, they may not feel safe living there anymore. The second phase of rape trauma syndrome is the reorganization phase. In the reorganization phase, victims must reorganize their lives (Meadows, 2010). This is accomplished with help from friends and family members (Meadows, 2010). During this phase, the victims have to learn ways to cope with their daily lives, and the disturbing thoughts that may enter their minds at any time. They may return to work and attempt to move on, but the pain and fear is still present in their minds. There are many different symptoms of rape trauma syndrome. Some of the symptoms include fear, helplessness, shock, disbelief, guilt, humiliation, embarrassment, anger, self-blame, flashbacks of the rape, avoidance of previously pleasurable activities, avoidance of the place or circumstances in which the rape occurred, depression, sexual dysfunction, insomnia, and impaired memory (Meadows, 2010, p. 102). These symptoms greatly inhibit the victims ability to heal and move on with their life. They may be happy one moment, and then suddenly be overcome with sadness and not able to understand where the sadness originated. While in the acute phase they may experience a wide range of emotions. When they enter the reorganization phase, they may not have quite as many mood swings, but may experience flashbacks of the attack. This contributes to their insomnia. Victims are afraid to go to sleep because they may have nightmares of the attack. They also lost their sense of control when they were attacked, and going to sleep leaves them vulnerable yet again.